Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and oxidative stress represent important mechanisms that have been implicated in etiopathology of depression. Although first antidepressants were introduced in clinical practice more than six decades ago, approximately 30 % of patients with a diagnosis of depression show treatment resistance. A noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate...
Preclinical Research The emergence of rapid-acting antidepressants such as ketamine has motivated studies aiming to reveal the molecular mechanism of the ketamine antidepressant effect and to enable the clinical application of rapid-acting antidepressants. Here, we provide an overview of studies addressing the antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients and animal models of...