Sonia Naeem

Hindrances to Mindfulness: Development and Validation of a Self-Report Measures for Young Adults

Journal of Asian Development Studies September 1, 2025 Sonia Naeem, Mahwesh Arooj Naz

Meditation is known to support well-being, yet the factors hindering regular practice remain underexplored. Addressing this gap, the Hindrances to Mindfulness Scale (HMS) was developed in Urdu as a reliable, psychometrically robust tool for assessing barriers to mindfulness. Convergent validity was assessed using the Urdu-translated version of The Fears and Resistance to Mindfulness Scale. In...