Cognitive ethology.
Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science September 1, 2013 Carolyn A Ristau
Cognitive ethology examines the mental experiences of animals in their natural environments, addressing both the 'hard' problem of consciousness (phenomenological experience) and 'easy' problems (explicable by neural mechanisms). Evidence for consciousness includes neural correlates, behavioral versatility, and animal communication as a window into mental life. The field also explores memory, problem-solving, tool use, mirror self-recognition, and the evolutionary basis of morality, while emphasizing the need to understand each species' Umwelt.