Methoxetamine, a structural analogue of ketamine, has become increasingly popular as a recreational drug due to its potent hallucinogenic and dissociative effects. It affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems, with some effects resembling those of ketamine and others differing substantially. Consumption of methoxetamine poses significant health risks and can lead to fatal intoxication.
Recreational use of over-the-counter drugs is rising, especially among young people. Dextromethorphan (DXM) at doses of 1.5–7.5 mg/kg body mass induces stimulation, mood improvement, and motor impairment; above 7.5 mg/kg it produces dissociative effects. Adverse reactions are pronounced when DXM is taken with alcohol or substances affecting CYP2D6 metabolism. Some users develop psychological dependence and withdrawal, and long-term use may impair cognitive function. Abuse of Tantum Rosa (benzydamine), reported in Brazil, Poland, and Romania, causes visual hallucinations and flashbacks. Pseudoephedrine, an amphetamine-like stimulant, can produce euphoria, hallucinations, and psychosis, but greater health threats arise from its derivatives ephedrone and methamphetamine.