Integrated metabolomics and gut microbiota analysis to explore the potential mechanism of levo-tetrahydropalmatine against ketamine addiction
Frontiers in Pharmacology November 19, 2025 Yan Du, Qing Ma, Xingcui Gao et al.
Introduction Metabolic and gut microbiota (GM) disturbance play a significant role in the complex pathogenesis of substance dependence. Although levo-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) demonstrates therapeutic potential in drug addiction, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Methods The efficacy of l-THP was assessed using a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. In this research, we...