Kajian Ekolinguistik Palantar Bajampi dalam Ritual Kematian Basuayak pada Masyarakat Dayak Kanayatn

In the Dayak Kanayatn community of West Kalimantan, the basuayak death ritual includes two main bajampi processes that use specific plants to heal grief, dispel nightmares, and appease spirits. Six plants—malakng, jinyalo, tamparengat, porakng, daukng jarikng, and daukng bintawa’ tuha—are employed, along with kalimabo and rinyuakng leaves soaked in hot water. Ritual language and material culture embody ecological wisdom and cosmological balance, contributing to the preservation of endangered ritual languages.

Study at a glance

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini menganalisis palantar bajampi dalam ritual kematian basuayak masyarakat Dayak Kanayatn di Kalimantan Barat melalui perspektif ekolinguistik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkap fungsi bahasa ritual dan simbolisme tumbuhan dalam memediasi hubungan antara manusia, alam, dan dunia spiritual. Metode deskriptif kualitatif digunakan melalui observasi partisipan, dokumentasi audiovisual, wawancara mendalam, dan pencatatan lapangan. Data ditranskripsi, diterjemahkan, dan dianalisis menggunakan model matriks semantik yang mencakup empat unsur: makna sosial, makna individual, nilai sosial, dan signifikansi personal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dua proses utama bajampi: penggunaan enam jenis tumbuhan—malakng, jinyalo, tamparengat, porakng, daukng jarikng, dan daukng bintawa’ tuha—serta penggunaan daun kalimabo dan rinyuakng yang direndam air panas. Kedua proses ini berfungsi meredakan duka, mengusir mimpi buruk, dan menenangkan arwah. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa bahasa ritual dan budaya material mengandung kearifan ekologis dan keseimbangan kosmologis, sekaligus berkontribusi pada pelestarian bahasa ritual yang terancam punah. ABSTRACT This study analyzes the palantar bajampi in the basuayak death ritual of the Dayak Kanayatn community in West Kalimantan through an ecolinguistic perspective. It aims to reveal the role of ritual language and plant symbolism in mediating the relationship between humans, nature, and the spiritual world. A qualitative descriptive method was applied through participant observation, audiovisual documentation, in-depth interviews, and field notes. Data were transcribed, translated, and analyzed using a semantic matrix model comprising four elements: social sense, individual meaning, social import, and personal significance. The findings identified two main bajampi processes involving six plants—malakng, jinyalo, tamparengat, porakng, daukng jarikng, and daukng bintawa’ tuha—and kalimabo and rinyuakng leaves soaked in hot water. Both serve to heal grief, dispel nightmares, and appease spirits. The study highlights how ritual lexicon and material culture embody ecological wisdom and cosmological balance, contributing to the preservation of endangered ritual languages.