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Ketamine for Depression: A Mixed-Methods Study

Philip E. Wolfson

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies July 1, 2014 DOI: 10.24972/ijts.2014.33.2.75 (opens in new tab)

Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Mixed-methods study Qualitative Peer reviewed
Sample size 8
Population Experienced ketamine users
Intervention Ketamine
Dose 0.5 mg/kg IV over 40 minutes
Duration 40-minute infusion, with blood pressure monitored up to 20 minutes after completion
Topics Ketamine Depression Esketamine
Keywords Dissociative Dose Anesthesia Population Depression economics Relaxation psychology Clinical psychology
Citations 2
Key points Experienced ketamine users reported trivial effects and skepticism about antidepressant properties at a 0.5 mg/kg IV dose, recommending higher-dose transformative work in a psychotherapeutic setting.

Abstract

Prior studies have reported variously on the presence or absence of dissociative effects at subanesthtetic doses of ketamine administered for treatment-resistant depression. This mixedmethods study emulated the protocol used for the studies in question, with IV administration of 0.5mg/kg over 40 minutes with eight experienced ketamine users. Quantitative measures were generally insignificant since this was not a population reporting depression; blood pressure increased as expected by 20-30mm systolic and 6-20mm diastolic, falling rapidly by 20 minutes after completion of the infusion. Individual qualitative reports reports of relaxation, pleasant sensation, decreased cognitive function, and some disabling of ordinary capacities. As experienced users, subjects commented freely on what was characterized as the triviality of the experience, and typically expressed skepticism that ketamine could have antidepressant properties when administered at this dose or in this manner, as well as disbelief that it could be beneficial except perhaps as a period of relaxation, or as a partial break from ordinary states of mind in nave subjects. Group discussion produced a consensus recommendation in favor of threshold-and higher-dosage transformative work beginning with a 40-50mg IM bolus, potentially in a series of sessions with higher dosages if indicated, with the number of sessions to be determined by clinical practice; such work should occur in a closely monitored psychotherapeutic setting.

Comparable studies

Other qualitative studies on ketamine for depression, most cited first.

Study Year Design Participants
Holding on or letting go? Patient experiences of control, context, and care in oral esketamine treatment for treatment-resistant depression: A qualitative study. Patients with treatment-resistant depression participating in off-label oral esketamine... 2022 Qualitative study n = 17
A Cohort-Based Case Report: The Impact of Ketamine-Assisted Therapy Embedded in a Community of Practice Framework for Healthcare Providers With PTSD and Depression Healthcare providers 2022 Quality improvement evaluation with mixed methods n = 94
Phenomenology and therapeutic potential of patient experiences during oral esketamine treatment for treatment-resistant depression: an interpretative phenomenological study. Patients with treatment-resistant depression undergoing oral esketamine treatment 2023 Qualitative study using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis n = 17
A qualitative study of patients' experience of ketamine treatment for depression: The ‘Ketamine and me’ project Patients diagnosed with treatment resistant depression (TRD) with experience of... 2021 Qualitative study n = 13
Ketamine treatment for individuals with treatment-resistant depression: longitudinal qualitative interview study of patient experiences Fee-paying patients with treatment-resistant depression (ages 21–70, 6 females, 6... 2021 Qualitative study n = 12

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