NADPH oxidase-1 suppression prolongs the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine.
Waki Nakajima, Tetsu Arisawa, Susumu Jitsuki, Tomomi Yamanoue, Kaoru Fujikawa, Megumi Hara, Akane Sano, Yuuki Takada, Ryunosuke Iai, Kimito Kimura, Masataka Suzuki, Mai Hatano, Shariful A. Syed, Ayano Yajima, Minami Nagata, Taisuke Yatomi, Hiroki Abe, Takuya Takahashi
Molecular Psychiatry July 1, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-026-03527-1 (opens in new tab) via PubMed
Summary
AI-generated from the abstractA novel compound, K-4, which positively modulates AMPA receptors, produced longer-lasting antidepressant-like effects in a rat model of treatment-resistant depression than ketamine alone. K-4 reduced expression of the enzyme NOX-1 in the medial prefrontal cortex. Blocking NOX-1, either with an inhibitor or by genetic knockdown, prolonged ketamine's antidepressant-like effects and reduced abnormal bursting in the lateral habenula, a brain region linked to depression. Suppressing NOX-1 may be a promising strategy for extending the benefits of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression.
Study at a glance
| Characteristics | Preclinical study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Population | Wistar Kyoto rats |
| Interventions | ketamine NOX-1 inhibitor short hairpin RNA knockdown of NOX-1 |
| Citations | 1 |
| Key finding | Suppression of NOX-1 prolongs the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine in a rat model of treatment-resistant depression. |
Abstract
Subanesthetic doses of ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, produce rapid and robust antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, after a single administration, the therapeutic benefit is short-lived, and strategies to maintain its efficacy remain unclear. This study focused on the glutamate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), whose activation is known to be a key effector for the action of ketamine. Thus, we developed a novel positive allosteric modulator of AMPAR (K-4) with potential antidepressant-like effects. In Wistar Kyoto rats, a model of TRD, K-4 produced a more sustained antidepressant-like effect than ketamine. Bulk RNA sequencing analysis revealed that K-4-treated rats showed lower expression of NADPH-oxidase-1 (NOX-1) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) than in ketamine-treated rats. Furthermore, simultaneous administration of a NOX-1 inhibitor with ketamine prolonged the antidepressant-like effect and reduced burst firing in the lateral habenula (LHb). Similarly, short hairpin RNA knockdown of NOX-1 in the mPFC sustained the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine and suppressed LHb bursting activity. These results indicate that NOX-1 suppression prolongs the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine and represents a promising target for maintenance strategies in TRD.