Serotonin

Mescaline shows preliminary safety in healthy humans but remains understudied in clinical populations, with controlled trials needed to establish its therapeutic potential.

review

Delayed psilocybin treatment reversed behavioral deficits, reduced microglial density, and enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis after repeated mild traumatic brain injury in rats.

randomized controlled trial

Argues that salvinorin A induces psychedelic effects through kappa opioid receptor agonism, distinct from serotonergic mechanisms, and that classical serotonergic psychedelics indirectly engage opioid systems.

review

The analysis suggests a clinically relevant interaction between ayahuasca and SSRIs, as modest increases in DMT exposure may intensify serotonergic effects in individuals receiving antidepressant therapy.

theoretical or mechanistic framework

Argues that MDMA's therapeutic effects in PTSD likely arise from a synergistic interplay of neurobiological and interpersonal mechanisms, creating a window of emotional safety.

review

Psilocybin microdosing rescues object recognition memory deficits in a rat model of Fragile X Syndrome via BDNF/TrkB-AKT signaling, not through serotonergic receptor activation.

preclinical study

The vertical depth of ligand insertion into the orthosteric binding pocket is a critical determinant of efficacy for photoswitchable 5-HT2A receptor ligands.

computational simulation study

The 5-HT1BR, a nonhallucinogenic serotonin receptor, is implicated as a potential mediator of the behavioral and neural effects of psilocybin in mice.

animal study

Acute high-dose MDMA in adolescents increases locomotor activity and impairs the serotonin system, while repeated exposure effects are inconsistent and depend on dosing and testing conditions.

systematic review

Endogenous DMT was not detectable in rat brain despite monoamine oxidase inhibition, and there was scant evidence of retention of exogenous DMT in serotonin terminals.

experimental study

No endogenous DMT was detected in rat brain, even after monoamine oxidase inhibition, and the data do not support DMT acting as a co-transmitter with serotonin.

experimental study

Ketamine- and ketamine-magnesium sulfate-induced hypothermia is primarily modulated by serotonergic and adrenergic mechanisms, not by GABAA receptors.

experimental animal study

Psilocybin impaired short-term learning and unlearning speeds in the first postdrug reversal, while exploratory analysis suggested enhanced rates of learning and unlearning over the session in the second postdrug reversal compared with baseline.

crossover design Sample size: 16

2C-B and psilocybin both alter functional brain connectivity, but 2C-B produces less disruption of between-network dynamic connectivity and greater transmodal static connectivity than psilocybin.

within-subjects, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design Sample size: 22

MDMA engages serotonin 2A receptor signaling indirectly via serotonin efflux, and this effect is both stereoselective and sex-dependent in mice.

experimental study

Repeated AKB48 administration worsens the response to serotoninergic hallucinogens, with sex-dependent differences in duration and neuroplasticity at 5-HT2A receptors and serotonin transporter.

behavioral and immunohistochemical study

Ayahuasca enhances fear extinction and reduces generalized fear in rats through BDNF-TrkB signaling in the infralimbic cortex.

experimental study

Bromo-DragonFLY forms a stable and compact complex with the 5-HT2A receptor, characterized by minimal per-residue fluctuations and high hydrogen bond occupancy, suggesting strong binding affinities.

in silico study