Posttraumatic nightmares may exacerbate and perpetuate the daytime symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and might represent a therapeutic target. The therapeutic strategy of memory reconsolidation using the β-adrenergic receptor blocker propranolol associated with re-exposure psychotherapy is a promising treatment in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Previous studies have...
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is being used, individually or in group format, to improve outcome and prevent relapse of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). CBT shows nevertheless limitations with regard, mainly, to patients having undergone a great number of mood episodes. In one published study, patients with more than 12 mood episodes typically did not respond favorably to the...