Pharmacokinetics of combinations of dexmedetomidine, vatinoxan and ketamine in male neutered cats.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia January 1, 2025 Bruno H Pypendop, Yu Hong Law, Juhana Honkavaara et al.
In healthy male cats, combining the sedative dexmedetomidine with vatinoxan and ketamine alters how the drugs move through the body. Vatinoxan increases the clearance of dexmedetomidine and reduces the bioavailability of intramuscular ketamine. Higher ketamine doses increase dexmedetomidine's central volume of distribution and improve intramuscular ketamine's bioavailability. Two-compartment models best described the time-plasma concentrations for all three drugs. The volume of distribution at steady state ranged from 1012 to 2429 mL/kg for dexmedetomidine, was 666 mL/kg for vatinoxan, and 2260 mL/kg for ketamine. Metabolic clearance was 12.5–15.4 mL/min/kg for dexmedetomidine, 3.7 for vatinoxan, and 23.8 for ketamine. Bioavailability for intramuscular and subcutaneous routes varied from 60% to 100%.