About 41% of Japanese college athletes have experienced a lucid dream at least once, 18% experience them monthly or more, and 3.6% use lucid dreams to practice sport skills. These rates are lower than those previously found in German professional athletes (57% lifetime prevalence, 5% using them for practice), suggesting cultural differences in lucid dreaming frequency. Despite this, lucid dream practice for sport appears applicable across cultures.
In a sample of 707 soldiers (mean age 31.3 years, 19.5% women) admitted to a hospital-based treatment program for veterans, gender differences in posttraumatic nightmare characteristics were examined after controlling for trauma-related psychopathology. No gender differences were found in nightmare frequency, psychophysical and emotional involvement, reorientation, or dream recall after awakening. Differences between men and women in the amount of replicative nightmare content were fully explained by PTSD diagnosis, nightmare frequency, and age; differences in nightmare-related impairment were also mainly explained by these factors. The findings question the significance of gender as a risk factor for specific posttraumatic nightmare characteristics in traumatized military samples.